On the chemical environment like ionic strength and pH of the soil.Īn extremely toxic polynuclear form of Al species (*Al 13 ) is reliant Speciation, availability and phytotoxicity of Al are highly dependent Negreanu-Pirjol et al., 2019 Tyagi et al., 2020). Thus are represented as non-phytotoxic forms (Bhat et al., 2019 Hydroxy cations, which are biologically unavailable to plants and, With other elements to generate complexes like aluminosilicate, Al. All rights reserved.Īluminum (Al) ranks third in profusion on the Earth’s crust,Ĭonstituting approximately 8% of its mass. c o m / l o c a t e / c h e m o s p h e r eĠ045-6535/© 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Ĭontents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemosphere Underlying toxic impacts along with ameliorative efficiencies of various potential agents including NPs.Īdditionally, it also elucidates the molecular mechanisms, future research prospects and challenges inĮffective alleviation mechanisms for enhancing plant Al-tolerance, to improve the growth and yields of Phytotoxicity and endows with a comprehensive knowledge of the cellular and metabolic processes This review exhibits the fundamental approaches of Al Metal stress compared to their bulk materials. Moreover, nanoparticles (NPs)Īre emerging tools in agricultural sector, which are found to be relatively more effective in mitigation of Additionally, exogenous applications of boron, silicon, calcium, etc., in Al-stressed plant speciesĬan form a conjugate with it, thereby reducing its bioavailability/toxicity. Methods for exclusion of Al, which is highly dependent on concentrations of organic acids, and plant Alteration in pH at root apex/rhizosphere,Įxudation of chelating agents, cell wall immobilization, and Al efflux have been recognized as probable Though, the ability to ascribe Al-tolerance is very complex, exclusion is an extensivelyĮstablished process contributing to Al 3 þ detoxification. Among all the soluble forms, the trivalent cationic form (Al 3 þ) of Al is Membrane is identified as the first site of Al toxicity, which is consequent to Al-induced reactive oxygen Higher concentration, it causes rhizotoxicity by inhibiting the nutrient transportation system. Lower concentration, Al promotes plant growth by facilitating the phosphorous availability, while, at Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, 492 010, India h i g h l i g h t s g r a p h i c a l a b s t r a c tĪluminum (Al) is considered as a potential limiting factor for plant growth in acidic environment. Mechanisms underlying the phytotoxicity and genotoxicity of aluminum and their alleviation strategies: A review Jipsi Chandra, S.
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